The ionosphere (or chaos) is constantly changing because the locations of its two major components' particles are alternately ionized by the Sun's energy, and the ionosphere, thus, cycles with natural influences from Earth's night to day temperature changes. Particles charged by the sun's rays during the day are thinned out at night as they relax and reconfigure and neutralize. The darkness' thinner, less dense charge is manifest in radio waves reflected farther distances around the Earth at night. Weather conditions on Earth influence the ionosphere, and it is also reactive to Space's Magnetic and electric changes.

The mesosphere begins 31 miles (50 km) above the Earth's surface and extends 53 miles (85 km). The gases, including oxygen molecules, continue becoming denser as one descends. As the descent continues, temperatures also rise to about 5 degrees F (-15 degrees C) near the bottom of this layer. Both the stratosphere (next layer down) and the mesosphere are considered the middle atmosphere. The transition boundary which separates the mesosphere from the stratosphere is called the stratopause.

The stratosphere begins 4 to 12 miles (6 to 20 km) above the Earth's surface and extends 31 miles (50 km). This layer holds 19 percent of the atmosphere's gases but very little water vapor.

The troposphere is the lower atmosphere, and is known to be where almost all weather occurs. The troposphere begins at the Earth's surface and extends 4 to 12 miles (6 to 20 km).

The Earth revolves around the Sun at about 67,000 mph or nearly 558.3 miles/s (107,000 km/hr or nearly 891.67 km/s). However, because some regions must travel further distances, this speed varies relative to position on Earth. The equator, for example, has a circumference of about 24,901 miles (40,075 km), and the North Pole simply spins in its position and can essentially be considered at rest. At the same time, the Earth rotates around its axis at about 1,040.4 mph or nearly 8.67 miles/s (1,674.4 km/hr or 13.953 km/s), as measured at the Equator. As the Earth is rotating East to West on its axis, the Jet Stream is independently moving West to East, carrying with it the clouds in its path.

A typical Lightning flash manifests 300 million volts and 30,000 amps, according to the US National Weather Service.

Most of Lightning's electrical discharge spreads horizontally and is likely to radiate across a body, or water's surface, rather than vertically. Greater depths, without protrusions, are safer. Protrusions and/or shallow water are more risky. Being out in the open sea near the surface is like standing in an open field, and your risks increase. Lightning seeks a path of least resistance.

Lightning is, however, more likely to hit land because of the heat and updrafts, and there are more risks in the summer. Strikes in deep oceans with protrusions absent are rare. It is this Web Page's Author's observation that the heat and updrafts play a very significant role in forming vast multiple pockets of diverse Diodes, which influence the several types of charges in numerous and very unique ways to, ultimately, amplify or accelerate Electron Charges.

Tesla carefully analyzed what could be deduced about Lightning in a very methodical way. Not all of the conditions referenced or terms used here were known, however, the deductions he extracted from his perceptions were significant enough to replicate or mimic the process in his research. The Transient Phase parallels between the creation of Lightning and the operation of Switch #1 are stunning, and the reality of what he envisioned from only that which could be perceived from observation is commendable. Tesla's attempt to share his vision failed mostly because people with no vision or comprehension convinced the world the vision was impossible and could not, therefore, exist.

There is an extremely immense amount of Energy radiating from the sun. Precursor "ON PULSES" to Lightning strikes are witnessed by both those who have experienced one and/or viewed a high-frame-speed video. These sets of Pulses are, generally, felt from the Ground and viewed in the sky, and are the initial beginnings (Primary Density Intensity) and ends (Secondary Density Intensity) of Lightning Strikes. A Charging, or preparation of "compressed" particles, begins in the ionosphere (or chaos), and these preparations may well be influenced and accelerated through the Earth's Magnetic Field. Yes, there is, indeed, an Inductive Reactance when the sun-charged particles are influenced by the Earth's Magnetic Field. There is a narrow, focused, Secondary "ON" signal sent from Ground (the heat and updrafts) which indicates a complete and least Resistance circuit (mostly gasses), is now in play, and there is then a Reactance to the motion or movement of "compressed" particles, and Copper's non-Magnetic Electron's response introduces a high Resistance Transient Phase. This Transient Phase is where Switch #1 effectively allows the narrow columns of "compressed" Electrons to become independent, isolated, potential differences, as the Earth rotates West to East, Switching each original narrow column of "compressed" Electrons' intended Loads "OFF" and "Switching" to differing completed circuits, which have an even lower Resistance, where the Voltage's Density Intensity influence is amplified many times! One of the key events for Lightning seems to be nestled in the temperature difference and the faster speed of the Jet stream. This culmination is the Secondary Density Intensity's big flash.

Bedini's focus has always been “on the entire Transient Phase for Creating Original "Ot" Timed Mechanical or 555B's Switch #1 ON Pulses” (in the Spike hz 'Electron' Pump of the Primary Oscillations' Command Center) as the Copper's Transient Phase's expanding and collapsing Magnetic Field organizes and isolates the shorted Coil's Electron chaos into “a Higher Electron Energy Density Intensity,” which is presented in each Coils' Winding as both an initial and secondary V_L Spike (see Figs. 23a, 23b in this Web Site's section titled "Intro to My Very Interactive Transient Phase Simulation," and Coil Saturation) before repeating another cycle of the Transient Phase. The Transient Phase begins at Phase B's Spike hz 'Electron' Pump's 555B's Timed Switch #1's “t2 OFF Pulses” in the Primary Oscillations' Command Center, then “isolating” each Coils' individual V_L Spike (that was created by Mechanical or 555B's Timed Switch #1's “t2 OFF Pulses”), “returning” each Trigger and/or Drive Coils' V_L Spike to the Main Source and “storing” (Charging Secondary Batteries, or accumulating in a Capacitor) each Collector Coil's Timed Switch #1's “t2 OFF” V_L Spike; the Bedini Circuit capitalizes on the Magnetic Field's collapse by injecting an extra, Circuit Resonant V_L Spike, doubling the Energy produced in each cycle's expansions and collapses when enabled, and “the Energy accumulated from these two series of V_L Spike are then delivered from pile C,” during the Secondary Oscillations' Command Center's Transient Phase C's 555A Timed t3 Pulse, to not only Charge the Battery Bank with pile C (Charging Secondary Battery Bank, or accumulation stored in the Capacitor), but also end both Transient Phase C and this Ot cycle's series of Transient Phases, to then repeat the entire series of Efficient Phases with another Ot cycle at the Resonant frequency.